16 NOVEMBER 2023 THURSDAY LECTURE FSC PRE MEDICAL PART 2 || AMC

GR SONS

 BIOLOGY 




Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions while climate is the weather of a specific region averaged over a long period of time.


A pond or lake ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions. Pond and lake ecosystems are prime examples of lentic ecosystems. Lentic refers to stationary or relatively still water, from the Latin lentus, which means sluggish.



PHYSICS




Kirchhoff's first law is based on the conservation of charge because the sum of current entering the junction is equal to the sum of current leaving the junction. Kirchhoff's second law states that the algebraic sum of potential drops in a closed circuit is zero. So, it is based on the conservation of energy.

Kirchhoff law of Current The principle of this law is to conserve the electric charge. The law states that the amount of current flowing into a node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of it. In other words, the algebraic sum of all the currents in any given circuit will be equal to zero.



CHEMISTRY




Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon triple bonds. Their general formula is CnH2n-2 for molecules with one triple bond (and no rings). Alkynes undergo many of the same reactions as alkenes but can react twice because of the presence of the two p-bonds in the triple bond.



Alkynes are frequently prepared through a double E2 reaction using 2 halides that are vicinal (meaning on adjacent carbons) or geminal (meaning on the same carbon). Because the E2 reaction takes place twice 2 π bonds are formed thus creating an Alkyne.